IELTSライティングセクションパラフレーズ方法と単語一覧

例：

△Using translation applications is becoming more important and popular in these years.
近年翻訳アプリを使うことは重要で人気が出てきている。
〇The importance and popularity of translation applications have grown over the past years.
翻訳アプリの重要性と人気度はここ数年で増加している。

例：

△In 2020, the figure dropped by 20%. This figure was half of the data 10 years ago.

〇In 2020, There was a drop of 20% in the figure which was half of the data 10 years ago.

例：

△It is very important that any children are equally educated.

〇It is significantly(/extremely/incredibly/undoubtfullyなどでもOK) important that any children are equally educated.

例：

△ I agree with this idea.の各単語多用

〇 I concur with this statement. やI advocate this argument.と別の単語に変えていく。

Task 1頻出

＜名詞＞

percentage - rate, proportion, data, figure, amount, ratio(比率)

chart - pie chart, table, graph (bar graph, line graph), diagram, flowchart, map

a drop of X% in XX- a decrease of~, a decline of ~
例：There was a decrease of 10% in the whole price. (全体の価格に１０％の減少があった)
※動詞の方が減少増加の表現は多いですが、多様に表現を使った方が良いです

a rise of X% in XX - an increase of~, a hike/an upsurge of (a large rise)
後の形容詞と合わせてもっとバリエーションが増えます

＜形容詞＞

small（データの上下に使う） - slight, modest, tiny

large(データの上下に使う)- drastic, dramatic, substantial
例：The figure illustrated a drastic increase in 2012.

flat - stable, constant, steady
例：The amount remained stable/constant/steady until 2020. (値に変化なし)
There was a stable/constant/steady increase for 3 consecutive years.　(値が一様に上がる)
quiescentという類義語もありますが、これは前者のみに使えます。

＜動詞＞

show - illustrate, indicate, mention, demonstrate, compare(比較する)

drop - fall, decrease, decline, diminish, plunge/plummet (drop largely)

rise - increase, skyrocket/leap/soar/spike (rise largely), peak at/hit (一番上に到達する)
後の副詞と合わせてもっとバリエーションが増えます

go up and down - fluctuate (変動する)

例：The popularity of tea fluctuated in Europe for 10 years.

＜副詞＞

about(約) - nearly, around, approximately, roughly
曖昧な数値のデータに毎回使う必要があります

a little (データの上下に使う) - slightly, moderately, a bit

largely (データの上下に使う)- drastically, dramatically, significantly
The figure increased drastically by 40%. (データが40%分急激に上がった)

Task 2頻出

＜名詞＞

students - learners, pupils, schoolchildren

people - 人達(civilians, individuals, citizens, denizens) 人類という意味での人達(mankind, humankind, human beings)

young people - children, kids, youngsters, the young, young generation

old people - the old, the elderly, elderly people(/civilians/citizens), old generation

rich people - affluent +人達, wealthy ＋人達, the affluent, the wealthy

poor people - impoverished +人たち, the impoverished

salary - wages, earnings

development - expansion, growth, progress

result - outcome, circumstance, consequence, effect, repercussion（影響）

advantage - benefit, profit, merit, positive aspect, pro(the pros and consという使い方もあり)

disadvantage - drawback, downside, obstacle, hindrance, demerit, negative aspect, con

view - argument, statement, idea, aspect, perspective, vision

reason - rationale(論理的根拠), motive/intention/purpose(目的), cause (原因), justification (正当化の理由)

(a) lack of XX- (a) dearth of XX

<形容詞>

important - paramount, supreme, vital, crucial, influential, significant, pivotal, importance(名詞、形容詞importantよりアカデミックになります), gravity (名詞)

necessary - required, compulsory, imperative, indispensable, essential, necessity (名詞)

difficult - complicated, severe(きびしい、つらい）, difficulty (名詞), complication (名詞), severity (名詞)

bad - detrimental, unpleasant, unfavorable

right - correct, appropriate, proper

many - numerous, plentiful, countless, manifold, copious

＜動詞＞

agree - concur with, advocate, be for

disagree - do not concur with, do not advocate, be against
※何回もagreeやdisagreeにあたる語を使うことはないので、concur withとadvocateさえ覚えておけば十分です

say - state(述べる), mention（言及する）, argue(論じる、主張する), indicate(指し示す) discuss（論じる）, reiterate (もう一度言う)
例：I reiterate the importance of English education for children.

affect badly - deteriorate, aggravate, exacerbate, worsen
例：affect the situation badly -> deteriorate/aggravate/exacerbate/worsen the situation

become better - improve, ameliorate, enhance, strengthen

tend to - be inclined to, be apt to, have a tendency/propensity to, be prone to

overweigh - outweigh, exceed

＜副詞＞

very - significantly, incredibly, undoubtfully, extremely, immeasurably

<イントロダクションに使う>

XX has sparked heated debate about whether XXX(問題).

「XXが元でXXXすべきかという激論が交わされてきた。」

XXの例 - The gravity of the internet (インターネットの重要性), The advent of globalization（グローバリゼーションの出現）, The popularity of smartphones（スマートフォンの人気さ）

XXXの例 - individuals should focus on selecting accurate information or not. (個人が正確な情報の選択を意識したほうがよいか)

~or the opposite has become the case. 
「～か、逆のことが成り立つか」
字数少ないなと思ったら入れれば良いです。

例：Experts have debated whether the advent of sophisticated technology has strengthened our education level or the opposite has become the case.

I advocate/concur with the former/latter view.
「私は前者/後者の意見を支持します」

This essay will discuss both sides using examples from XXXX (the research from Oxford Universityとかthe society in Japanとか) to demonstrate points and prove arguments.

「このエッセイではXXの例を使って両者意見を論じ、ポイントを示し議論を証明します」

＜段落の切り替えや話のまとめに使える＞

On the other hand, there is ample evidence that ~
「一方で、~という十分な証拠がある」

As a result, it is conclusively clear that~

「結果、～であることが決定的に明らかだ」

Meanwhile, although there are downsides to XXX, its' plentiful advantages cannot be denied.
「一方で、XXXには欠点があるものの多くのメリットがあることは否定できない。」

From the arguments and examples given, I firmly believe~

「議論や例で示した通り、私は～であることを強く信じる。」

＜文の流れで使う接続詞や副詞＞

文1 while/whereas 文2 (文１の一方で文２)

whereasは文2に反対要素が入る

although に変えれば「文2だが文1」の意味に

Nevertheless, (それにもかかわらず、)

In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, (さらに、)

Therefore, (したがって)

イントロダクションの後の段落の最初に - On the one hand

※First of all/Firstly, Second of all/Secondlyのような表現はすこしレベルが低く7.0以上にはふさわしくないとみなされる場合もあるそうです。

反対論の段落の最初に - On the other hand,（一方で）

結論段落の最初に - Overall(全体的に見ると、)As a conclusion, （結論、）